Creating Judaism: History, Tradition, Practice Michael L. Satlow
Discussion Questions:
1. What is the Bible? Are all Bibles the same? How might a Jewish and Christian Bible differ? 2. In what ways is the Bible a Jewish book, and in what ways is it not? 3. Does it matter whether the Bible is a true account of events (that is, an accurate history as we might use the term) or not? 4. How was the Bible canonized? 5. How different were the ancient Israelites who lived prior to 586 B.C.E. from the Judeans who returned with Ezra to Jerusalem a little over a century later?
Resources
There are, of course, many introductions to the Hebrew Bible. At the same time, there are surprisingly few accessible and responsible guides to the religion of ancient Israel. The standard, although badly dated, histories of biblical Israel are Yehezkiel Kaufmann, The Religion of Israel, from Its Beginnings to the Babylonian Exile, trans. and abridged by Moshe Greenberg (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960); and John Bright, A History of Israel, Westminster Aids to the Study of the Scriptures (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1959). Modified, and somewhat more accessible introductions can be found in the essays in Hershel Shanks, ed., Ancient Israel: A Short History from Abraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple, 2d ed. (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999). Richard Elliott Freedman, Who Wrote the Bible? (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1997, rpt.), provides a highly readable, entertaining, and informative account of the creation of the Torah (Pentateuch) and the documentary hypothesis. Susan Niditch, Ancient Israelite Religion (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), provides a good introduction to the religion of ancient Israel. Jon D. Levenson, Sinai and Zion: An Entry into the Jewish Bible, New Voices in Biblical Studies (Minneapolis: Winston, 1985), provides a highly accessible account of biblical theology. The Jewish Study Bible: Tanakh Translation, Torah, Nevi’im, Kethuvim, ed. Adele Berlin, Marc Zvi Brettler, and Michael Fishbane (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), contains informative commentaries and essays. Marc Z. Brettler, How to Read the Bible (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2005) is also an excellent introduction to the modern study of the Bible.